Ezingu-10 Kwezizinda Zasolwandle Ezinkulu Kakhulu e-US, Zibalwa Ngosayizi

I-US ingumnikazi wemikhumbi emikhulukazi emhlabeni; ngenxa yalokho, iyikhaya lenani elikhulu lezisekelo zasolwandle ezisekela imikhumbi yayo yempi, izindiza (yebo, i-US Navy inezindiza, futhi), nezinye izimpi ezihlobene nolwandle. Lezi zisekelo zenza imisebenzi eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukulungisa, ukunakekela, ukuhlelwa kwezinto, nokuqeqeshwa. Isizinda ngasinye siyahlukahluka ngamahektare omhlaba esiwukhavayo, imikhumbi esetshenziswayo, kanye nenani lemikhumbi isikhungo ngasinye esingasingatha.

Izimpahla zemikhumbi yemikhumbi zimi kulezi zisekelo ngezikhathi zokuthula nokungenzi lutho. Ngezikhathi zobunzima, yonke imikhumbi yezempi iza kulezi ziteshi izothela uphethiloli, ilungiswe, futhi iphinde ibeke izikhali.

Futhi ingxenye ethokozisayo ukuthi lezi zisekelo zamasosha asolwandle aziphathi nje kuphela ukusebenza kwemikhumbi yempi yezempi nezindiza kodwa futhi zihlinzeka ngezindlu nezokungcebeleka emindenini yabasebenzi abasebenzayo kanye nabanye abasebenzi emhlabeni. Imikhumbi eminingana yacwila phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, kodwa labo abasinda beza kwezinye zalezi zikhumulo ukuze zilungiswe.

Nalu uhlu lwezisekelo ezinkulu zeNavy e-US, kusukela kwezincane kakhulu kuye kwezinkulu, ezisekela izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yeNavy.

Yasungulwa ngo-1992, i-Naval Base San Diego isekelwe endaweni engamahektha ayi-1,600. Umgomo oyinhloko walesi sisekelo uwukusekela imikhumbi yasePacific ye-US Navy, amasosha ayo, nemindeni yawo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukulungela kwawo ukusebenza ukulwa nezinsongo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Itholakala eduze kwe-San Diego Bay, lesi sizinda samasosha asolwandle sibamba imikhumbi ye-US Navy engu-60 kanye nemikhumbi yokusiza emibili futhi sisebenza njengendawo yokumisa umgodi esheshayo yemikhumbi yangaphandle evela ezilwandle zamazwe ngamazwe. Nakuba ungeke ukwazi ukuvakashela isizinda samasosha asolwandle njengesivakashi esivamile, zikhona ezinye izindlela zokubona isizinda.

I-USS Midway Museum, eseduze nesisekelo, ikunikeza umbono ogcwele wesinye sezindiza eziphethe isikhathi eside kunawo wonke emlandweni wezempi wasolwandle wase-US onikeze ukusebenza okumangazayo phakathi neMpi Yezwi II, kuze kube ngu-1991. Ukuthatha uhambo lokuya echwebeni emanzini kungenye indlela yokubuka imikhumbi yemikhumbi eduze. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-Fleet Week San Diego futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uthathe uhambo lwemikhumbi e-32nd Street Naval Station, kanye neminye imisebenzi ehlobene nezempi.

Ihlanganisa indawo engamahektare angu-2,300, i-Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base (NASJRB) itholakala e-Fort Worth futhi ijabulela isikhundla sokuba i-Joint Reserve Base yokuqala e-US Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayigcini nje ngokubamba ibutho lasolwandle, kodwa futhi namayunithi ahlukahlukene e-Marine Corps, Air Force, Army, kanye ne-Texas Air National Guard.

Kunemiyalo engu-40 ehlukene kanye namasosha asebenzayo angu-10,000, amareservists, abaqaphi, nokunye okuhlanganayo ukuze kunikeze ukwesekwa ohlelweni lwezokuvikela lukazwelonke. Isisekelo sinomthelela omkhulu eTexas, kangangokuthi abantu abahlotshaniswa ne-NASJRB banikele ngemali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-4.8 emnothweni waseTexas ngo-2023.

Kuyisizinda sokulondoloza esinezici eziningi esinamandla okubhekelela izindiza ezinkulu, njenge-F/A-18, C-130, kanye ne-F-16 enamandla. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lesi sizinda siphinde simakwe njengendawo yokukhishwa kweziphepho zezindiza zezwe kanye nemindeni yamasosha e-US.

I-Naval Air Station (NAS) i-Corpus Christi ihlezi ngokufanelekile eningizimu ye-Texas, ihlanganisa ekugcineni enyakatho ye-Encinal Peninsula, ingaphansi kwe-Beaumont geologic formation. Le mishini isebenzela izinsiza zezindiza namayunithi e-Naval Air Training Command kanye neminye imisebenzi yabaqashi.

Nakuba kunemiyalo engu-50 yabaqashi e-NAS Corpus Christi, enkulu kunazo zonke yi-Corpus Christi Army Depot, kanti eminye emikhulu i-US Coast Guard, i-US Marine Aviation Training Support Group, kanye ne-US Customs and Border Protection Service.

Ukwengeza, indlunkulu ye-Chief of Naval Air Training itholakala eCorpus Christi, lapho kwenziwa khona ukuqeqeshwa okuqinile kanye neseshini yokuqondisa ukuze kusizwe ama-Naval Aviators aphumelele ngezikhathi zobunzima. Cishe kunabasebenzi abangu-43,000 abasebenzayo, izisebenzi ezivamile, namalungu omndeni ahlala endaweni engamahektare angu-2,844. Isizinda sinikeza imisebenzi embalwa eduze, okuhlanganisa ukuzijabulisa kwangaphandle, i-bowling, indawo yokuzivocavoca, nokuzilibazisa emanzini.

I-Naval Station Norfolk itholakala kumahektare angu-3,400 futhi isekela ukulungela ukusebenza kwe-US Atlantic Fleet. Izishaya isifuba njengesiteshi samasosha asolwandle esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, inakekela imikhumbi ye-US Navy engu-75, izinsika eziyi-14, izindiza eziyi-134, kanye nama-hangar ezindiza angu-11. Enye yezingxenye ezihamba phambili ngalesi siteshi ukuthi ungahamba uhambo oluqondisiwe unqamule isisekelo – uhambo lwebhasi lwemizuzu engama-50 ukuya kwehora elilodwa luzokushayela uzungeze isikhungo ukuze ukwazi ukuyibona impi eduze.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza komoya kanye nechweba kuyimisebenzi emibili eyinhloko yalesi sisekelo, njengoba ilawula ukunyakaza kwemikhumbi ye-3,100 njalo ngonyaka, kuyilapho ukusebenza kwezindiza, inani lidlula i-100,000.

Intatheli ye-TMJ4 News, ebiyingxenye ye-“Sailor for a Day” (uhlelo oluvumela ochwepheshe bemidiya ukuthi bavakashele isizinda samasosha asolwandle futhi bazitholele mathupha mayelana ne-US Navy kanye nokusebenza kwayo), inikeze imibono eyivelakancane yemikhumbi emikhulu nezindiza ngaphakathi kwesisekelo nokuthi zihamba kanjani izinsuku ngaphakathi esiteshini.

I-Naval Air Station ibekwe ngasosebeni olusentshonalanga yoMfula iSaint John’s enyakatho-mpumalanga yeFlorida, ifinyelela endaweni engamahektha ayi-3,800. Lesi siteshi sisekela ukulungela impi kwe-US kanye namabutho ahlangene asebenza ngokukhethekile ekulweni nemikhumbi-ngwenya kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwezokundiza. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isisekelo sibhekene nezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zamabhomu – iPinecastle, Rodman, neLake George – kanye ne-Outlying Field Whitehouse.

I-Jacksonville NAS yayinamalungu angaba ngu-4,553 kanye namalungu omndeni angu-32,000, kanye nabanye abasebenzi nabasebenzi kusukela ngo-2024, bahlalisa le ndawo. Ukwengeza, amaqembu ayisikhombisa e-VP asebenzayo, ama-reserve squadron amathathu, ama-helicopter amahlanu, kanye ne-MQ-4C UAS Triton squadron eyodwa agcinwe kulesi sikhungo, kunezindiza ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezisebenza kulesi sizinda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMkhuzi weNavy Region Southeast naye uhlala endaweni efanayo, futhi uneminye imiyalo emikhulu, njengeFleet Logistics Center Jacksonville.

Kusukela ngo-1942, i-Naval Station Mayport ihlezi endaweni engamahektha angu-3,409 futhi iyaziqhenya ngokuba yindawo yesithathu enkulu kunazo zonke e-US Isiqubulo sayo ukuhlinzeka nge-“The Finest Service to the Finest Fleet,” ephethe imiyalo engaphezu kwe-80 esekelwe, ehlanganisa imikhumbi yemikhumbi engu-20 kanye namaqembu amathathu anophephela emhlane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sizinda samasosha asolwandle e-Mayport sinomzila wezindiza oyizinyawo ezingu-8,000 ovumela ukusuka kanye nokuhlala kahle kuzo zonke izindiza zoMnyango Wezokuvikela wezwe kanye nechweba elikwazi ukuphatha imikhumbi engu-34 ngesikhathi. Ihlala imatasa unyaka wonke, njengoba izindiza zabagibeli bezempi zithwala abagibeli abangaba ngu-13,000 njalo ngonyaka ukusuka noma esiteshini.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunemikhumbi engama-22 ye-US Navy emi e-Naval Station Mayport – umkhumbi ohlanganisa abagibeli bemicibisholo abaqondisiwe, ababhubhisi bemicibisholo abaqondisiwe, kanye neziqhumane ezijikijelwayo eziqondisiwe. Ngokuqonda kwendawo, isizinda sitholakala eduze kwe-Jacksonville Port emfuleni i-St. Johns enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Florida, okwenza kube lula ukufinyelela emigwaqweni ephakathi nezwe kanye nolwandle oluvulekile.

I-Naval Air Station i-Patuxent River, ehlanganisa amahektha angaba ngu-6,400, ihlanganisa izinhlangano ezimbili ezinkulu ezisebenza njengesikhungo sezindiza zasolwandle ze-US Navy – i-Naval Air Systems Command kanye ne-Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sikhungo somoya senza ngempumelelo imisebenzi yezindiza elinganiselwa ku-200,000 minyaka yonke futhi siyikhaya lezakhamuzi ezingu-25,000, osonkontileka namasosha.

I-NAS PAX iyisikhungo esikhulayo socwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa, ukuhlola, nokuhlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zempi eziphethwe yi-US Navy, eheha othisha nabacwaningi emhlabeni wonke. Kunezindawo ezithuthuke kakhulu, njenge-Manned Flight Simulator, I-Air Combat Environment Test and Evaluation Facility, Indawo Yokuhlola Indiza Nokuhlola, nokunye okuvumela ochwepheshe emhlabeni wonke ukuthi bahlole futhi baqeqeshe kanzima.

Okuncane ngomlando: lesi sizinda samasosha asolwandle sasibalulekile phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ukuze kuhlolwe izindiza nokuhlaziya izindiza zesitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indiza yokuqala ye-All-Jet ye-US Navy ukuthi isebenze kusithwali – i-FD-1 Phantom – nayo yahlolwa e-NAS PAX phakathi kuka-1945 no-1946.

Njengesizinda sesine ngobukhulu samasosha asolwandle, i-Naval Base Kitsap ihlanganisa amahektha ayi-12,000 ngaphesheya kweNhlonhlo ye-Kitsap. Isizinda sisekela imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, njengokuhlinzeka ngosekelo lwazo zonke izinhlobo zemikhumbi-ngwenya, nemikhumbi yempi, njenge-USS America futhi inikeza isikhala e-Manchester Fuel Depot okuyitheminali enkulu kaphethiloli enendawo eyodwa yoMnyango Wezokuvikela ezwekazini lase-US. Futhi iyikhaya lenye yezindawo ezinkulu zemikhumbi yemikhumbi emikhulu e-US – i-Puget Sound Naval Shipyard kanye Nendawo Yokulungisa Okuphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isizinda sibamba imiyalo engaba ngu-70 yabaqashi, okuhlanganisa nabaphathi abaningana, njengoMkhuzi, Isifunda SaseNavy eNyakatho-ntshonalanga; Umkhuzi, iQembu Lomkhumbi-ngwenya 9; kanye noMkhuzi, Iqembu le-Carrier Strike Group 3, phakathi kwabanye. Ngakho-ke, idlala indima ebalulekile kuMbutho Wamasosha Wasesosha wase-US ngenkathi futhi isekela inani elikhulu lemisebenzi – engama-61,000 iyodwa ngo-2024, okuholele kumthelela wezomnotho wama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5.6.

I-Supercarrier USS John F. Kennedy, ukuvivinywa kolwandle osekuqalile, nayo ihlelelwe ukuhamba ngomkhumbi iye e-Naval Base Kitsap njengoba idokodo limenyezelwe njengechweba lasekhaya ngemuva kwekhomishini.

I-Joint Base I-Pearl Harbour-Hickam iphakathi kwezisekelo zezempi ezihamba phambili ezweni futhi ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yokusekelwa kanye nokusekelwa ngasogwini emikhunjini yangaphezulu kanye nemikhumbi-ngwenya ye-US Navy. Eqinisweni, isisekelo singakwazi ukuphatha imikhumbi yempi emikhulu yezempi yasolwandle, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinkampani ezithwala izindiza – iqiniso elijabulisayo, i-Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam kwakuyiyona kuphela inkundla yezindiza eHawaii eyayikwazi ukubhekana ne-B-17 Bomber enkulu phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. I-Pacific Command iwumyalo omkhulu webutho lomoya esisekelweni esiza ekuhleleni nasekwenzeni ukusebenza komoya okuvikelayo kumathiyetha asePacific nase-Asia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsiza eziningi zokunakekela nokuqeqesha zigcina ukusebenza kwemikhumbi kulungile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Igcina imiyalo engaphezu kwe-160 futhi inikeza uxhaso oluhlukahlukene nemisebenzi yemindeni yemikhumbi ukuqinisekisa ukuphila okujwayelekile.

Yakhelwe endaweni engamahektha angama-57,000, i-Naval Base Coronado iyisizinda sezempi esikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni (ngokwendawo ebonakalayo ehlalwayo), esihlinzeka ngekhaya kubasebenzi abangu-36,000 abasebenzayo bezempi nezakhamuzi. Isisekelo sihlose ukusebenza “njenge-West Coast Quarterdeck” ye-US Navy ngokunikeza izinhlelo zokweseka namasevisi ukuze kugcinwe ukulungela ukusebenza kwe-US Pacific Fleet.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhekana nezidingo nokusebenza kwamaqembu angu-17, abathwali bezindiza abathathu, amaQembu amane e-SEAL, ama-Navy Expeditionary Combat Command squadrons, nokunye. Isisekelo, sisonke, siyinhlanganisela yezindawo eziyisishiyagalolunye ezihlukene zeNavy – I-Naval Air Station North Island, Naval Amphibious Base, Naval Auxiliary Landing Field, San Clemente Island, nezinye ezakha indawo enkulu.

Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi leli chweba lasolwandle liwumyalo omkhulu kunawo wonke esifundeni esiseNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-US, libe negalelo ku-30% wabo bonke abasebenzi balo.